Bikeshed Effect

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The law of triviality was first proposed by Cyril Northcote Parkinson, who coined it in his 1957 book “Parkinson’s Law, and Other Studies in Administration”, and the term ‘bikeshedding’ comes from the example of the law of triviality which was mentioned in the book.

In this example, a fictional corporate committee is tasked with discussing three issues:

• The construction of a large reactor (worth around 10M Pounds)
• The construction of a small bikeshed (worth around 375 Pounds)
• The tiny annual coffee budget for a recurring meeting (Less than 25 pounds)

The reactor is a complex issue that few of the committee members understand and feel comfortable discussing. One member who does is unsure how to explain it to the others. Another member proposes a redesigned proposal, but it seems like such a huge task that the rest of the committee decline to consider it. So they quickly approve it after just two and a half minutes, before moving on to the next item on the list.

However, because committee members still want to feel that they have made a contribution, they decide to make their mark on something that they can understand better: the bikeshed. This is a topic that more of them can understand, and so they waste time arguing whether the roof should be constructed from aluminum or galvanized iron, and whether the shed should be constructed at all.

Eventually, after forty-five minutes, and after having found ways to possibly save a small amount of money on the bikeshed, they conclude the discussion of this topic with a feeling of achievement.

Then, they move on to the last item on the list. This item — the annual coffee budget for some recurring meeting — is the least important one on their agenda, but also the easiest one for them to understand.

Essentially, though almost none of the committee members understood the issues surrounding the reactor, and only some of them understood the difference between the different materials which were discussed when it came to the construction of the bikeshed, all of them understood coffee, at least to some degree.

As such, they spend over an hour discussing the coffee budget exhaustively, before asking the secretary to procure further information, so they could continue to discuss the issue in their next meeting.

Note: the full name of the law of triviality is Parkinson’s law of triviality. Parkinson is also known for a related concept which is simply called Parkinson’s law; this is the adage that “work expands to fill the time available for its completion”.

Popularization of the term ‘bikeshedding’

Bikeshedding is a common issue in fields such as software development, and the use of the term there was popularized in a 1999 email sent by Poul-Henning Kamp to a mailing list of developers of an open-source operating system, in response to people’s tendency to argue about unimportant issues. In this email, Kamp’s main argument was that:

“…just because you are capable of building a bikeshed does not mean you should stop others from building one just because you do not like the color they plan to paint it. This is a metaphor indicating that you need not argue about every little feature just because you know enough to do so.”

Accordingly, people sometimes use the term ‘bikeshed’ to refer to a minor issue that attracts a lot of attention and controversy, which are not in proportion with its actual importance. This is something we observe all the time in our design reviews, discussions and debates

Variations of the law of triviality

There are various different formulations for the underlying concept behind the law of triviality, including the following:

“Organizations give disproportional weight to trivial issues.”

“The time spent on any item of the agenda will be in inverse proportion to the sum of money involved.”

“The amount of noise generated by a change is inversely proportional to the complexity of the change.”

Furthermore, this underlying concept has also been used in related adages. One example of this is Sayer’s law, which is the adage that “in any dispute, the intensity of feeling is inversely proportional to the value of the issues at stake”; this concept has been used to claim that academic politics are so vicious because the stakes involved are generally so low.

Why people focus on trivial issues

There are various reasons why people tend to focus on trivial issues, while neglecting more important ones. Common reasons for this are the following:

• The trivial issue represents a problem that is easier to understand and formulate an opinion about.
• The trivial issue requires less time, effort, or money in order to solve.
• The important issue would require them to take more responsibility for their decisions.
• They assume that the people responsible for the important issue must have already done their job and assessed it.

How to deal with bikeshedding

When it comes to implementing your understanding of bikeshedding, the first thing you should do is keep in mind the fact that people, including yourself, are prone to focusing on the minor issues, often at the expense of more important ones. Then, you should try to identify situations where this currently is an issue or might later become one, and then take the necessary action in order to solve this. This will allow you to deal with bikeshedding as it’s happening, and also to prevent it from occurring in the first place.

For example, if you’re about to run a meeting at work and you expect that people will engage in bikeshedding by focusing unnecessarily on some minor issue that is known to be contentious, you could decide, in advance, to allocate only a small block of time for the discussion of this item, at the end of which the team must reach a final decision.

Similarly, let’s say that you’re in charge of an upcoming meeting at work, and know that one of the items on the agenda is the most important to discuss but also the most difficult to understand. To ensure that it’s not neglected, you can decide, in advance, to dedicate a substantial block of time to discussing it, and you might also begin that time by giving people the background that they need in order to understand the topic and the issues involved.

Note that, when trying to prevent bikeshedding, you should focus not only on identifying when this issue might arise, but also on why it might happen. This will allow you to tailor your solution to the issue at hand, which will improve your ability to avoid it.

For example, if you’re worried that two specific people in a committee will find a reason to argue about a trivial issue simply because they dislike each other, consider discussing this when neither one of them is there, or when only one of them is.

Finally, if you’re ever unsure whether or not you’re engaging in bikeshedding at the moment, ask yourself a simple question: “should we be dedicating so many resources to the problem at hand as we currently are?”.

If the answer to that question is “no”, meaning that your resources could be better allocated elsewhere, try to do what you can in order to shift those resources there. Conversely, if the problem is “yes”, then you can keep going, or, if necessary, decide to allocate even more resources to the problem at hand.

However, before you attempt to change the current state of things, make sure to also ask yourself whether the cost of trying to do so will be higher than the cost of letting things run their course, even if the current allocation of resources is inefficient.

Caveats to the law of triviality

The most important caveat regarding the law of triviality is that it’s simply meant to serve as a general observation, rather than as an absolute truth. As such, there are certainly situations where both minor and major issues get the attention that they deserve, in proportion with their importance.

Furthermore, keep in mind that there is generally a certain point at which an issue becomes so minor that it ends up being handled quickly or ignored entirely, rather than receiving disproportionate attention. There is no set level at which this happens, and how minor an issue has to be before it doesn’t get disproportionate attention depends on the situation at hand and on the people involved.

Summary and conclusions

• Bikeshedding (also referred to as the law of triviality) describes a phenomenon where people spend a relatively large amount of time, energy, and other resources dealing with relatively minor issues.
• The term ‘bikeshedding’ refers to a story of a corporate committee which spends a short amount of time before approving a complex construction project, but spends significantly longer than that discussing the construction of an unimportant bikeshed.
• Bikeshedding is an important concept, since it can help identify situations where people waste valuable resources on trivial matters, while also neglecting important issues which require their attention.
• People tend to focus on trivial issues because they are easier for them to understand, because they require fewer resources in order to solve, and because they don’t require them to take as much responsibility.
• In order to prevent people from bikeshedding, you should identify situations where this behavior might occur, ask yourself what are the underlying reasons why it might occur, and then find solutions that will allow you to deal with it, such as dedicating, in advance, a limited block of time for dealing with a minor issue.

References:

1. Parkinson’s Law and Other Studies in Administration: C. Northcote Parkinson- Link
2. https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Law_of_triviality
3. https://thecodersblog.com/Analaysis-Parkinson's-law-of-triviality/